Biodegradable Nanoparticles - A Novel Approach for Oral Administration of Biological Products
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2009.2.2.2Abstract
Recent developments in science and technology lead towards miniaturization, touching all the spheres of life starting from automobile industry to pharmaceutical industry. The advances in nanotechnology, helps in preparing nanoparticles containing biologically active proteins, that have all the benefits of nanoparticulate system as well as maintain the stability and activity of the biological preparations against low pH of gastric fluid and action of proteolytic enzymes. The nanoparticle preparation method discussed is ionic gelation between a polycationic and a polyanionic polymer under magnetic stirring. The polymers used for preparation of nanoparticles are biodegradable and hydrophilic. Nanoparticles due to their small size can penetrate through smaller capillaries and are easily taken up by cells that allow efficient drug accumulation at the target sites. Nanoparticles maintained sustained drug release over a period of days or even weeks decreasing the frequency of injection in case of parenteral preparations. By preparing nanoparticles using polycations like chitosan, the tight junctions between epithelial cells are opened making paracellular diffusion feasible. Therefore, the nanosized biological products are much more efficient in reaching the target site than the original proteins or peptides.
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Keywords:
Nanoparticle, Chitosan, Sodium alginate, Ionic gelation, Biologically active proteins
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